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Removal gives qualifying defendants a path from state court to the federal district embracing the state action. Timing, consent, the forum-defendant rule, and remand deadlines control the route.
Venue selects a permissible federal district after subject-matter and personal jurisdiction are addressed. Section 1391 provides multiple possible districts, not necessarily one best forum.
Section 1404 moves a properly venued case for convenience; Section 1406 cures improper venue. The distinction changes the standard, the remedy, and often the law applied after transfer.
A valid forum-selection clause can reshape transfer analysis, while forum non conveniens allows dismissal when the better forum lies outside the federal transfer system.
The foundational personal-jurisdiction story is a shift from territorial power to a flexible relationship-based standard, without erasing every traditional basis.