Contracts
Contract Capacity: Minors, Mental Incapacity, and Intoxication
Distinguish void from voidable transactions, identify who may disaffirm, and calculate ratification and restitution consequences.
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Mistake, Misrepresentation, Fraud, Duress, and Undue Influence
Distinguish defects in assent, allocate the risk of mistake, and identify whether a transaction is void, voidable, rescinded, or reformed.
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Illusory Promises, Past Consideration, and Moral Obligation
Three doctrines that look like consideration at first glance - and the implied-duty rules that sometimes save the bargain.
Contracts
What Makes a Contract? Formation from Beginning to End
A practical roadmap for deciding whether words, conduct, or performance created an enforceable agreement.
Torts
Trespass to Chattels and Conversion: Interference with Personal Property
A side-by-side guide to impairment, deprivation, serious dominion, damages, and good-faith mistakes.
Torts
Strict Liability and Products Liability: Animals, Dangerous Activities, and Defective Products
Liability without proof of negligence - and the limits that keep strict liability from becoming absolute liability.
Torts
Vicarious Liability and Immunities: Employers, Contractors, Government, and Families
When one person answers for another's tort and when status limits otherwise valid liability.